Sports

Compared to females, males typically possess superior cardiopulmonary function including a greater maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), blood volume, red blood cell volume, and hematocrit (e.g., Koons et al, 2019;Yanovich et al, 2008).
Compared to females, males typically possess a superior musculoskeletal system for sports, such as advantageous muscle fiber characteristics and muscular strength (e.g.,Miller, 1993; Roberts et al, 2020).
"During short and maximal exercise, male performed better with their hands, back and legs than female students. Excess fat for female students has a disadvantageous effect on vertical and horizontal jumps performances" (Mansour et al, 2021).
All of the differences are present even when both sexes rigorously train (Yanovich et al, 2008).
More recently, the effect of testosterone blockers and female hormones (aka "gender affirming care") on transgender biological males has begun to be investigated.
So far, research has found that when these transgender males take female hormones, their strength, lean muscle mass, and muscle area decrease - HOWEVER, their values remain above that in women, even after 36 months of "gender affirming care" (Harper et al, 2021).
Further, while men taking female hormones narrows the gaping difference (21%) between the running speed between males and females, transgender males still run 9% faster even after one year of taking female hormones (Roberts et al, 2020)

At age 41, Richard Raskind, a superior male tennis player, underwent "sex reassignment surgery" and legally changed his name to Renée Richards.
Following several legal cases, Richards was able to enter women's professional tennis at age 41.
Years later, Richards expressed ambivalence about his legacy.
Richards let it be known he recognized he had had a biological advantage over his female tennis competitors (Foer & Tracy, 2012).
Richards stated "Having lived for the past 30 years, I know if I'd had surgery at the age of 22, and then at 24 went on the tour, no genetic woman in the world would have been able to come close to me. And so I've reconsidered my opinion"
Richards stated "Maybe in the last analysis, maybe not even I should have been allowed to play on the women’s tour. Maybe I should have knuckled under and said, ‘That’s one thing I can’t have as my newfound right in being a woman" (Foer & Tracy, 2012).
Richards opposes the International Olympic Committee’s 2004 ruling that transgender people can compete after they’ve had surgery and two years of hormonal therapy (Foer & Tracy, 2012).

Girls are pushed out of sports by trans-identified boys