What is a TERF?

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• Compared to females, males typically possess superior cardiopulmonary function including a greater maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), blood volume, red blood cell volume, and hematocrit (e.g., Koons et al, 2019;Yanovich et al, 2008). 
• Compared to females, males typically possess a superior musculoskeletal system for sports, such as advantageous muscle fiber characteristics and muscular strength (e.g.,Miller, 1993; Roberts et al, 2020). 
• All of the differences are present even when both sexes rigorously train (Yanovich et al, 2008). 
• More recently, the effect of testosterone blockers and female hormones (aka "gender affirming care") on transgender biological males has begun to be investigated.
• So far, research has found that when these transgender males take female hormones, their strength, lean muscle mass, and muscle area decrease - HOWEVER, their values remain above that in women, even after 36 months of "gender affirming care" (Harper et al, 2021). 
• Further, while men taking female hormones narrows the gaping difference (21%) between the running speed between males and females, transgender males still run 9% faster even after one year of taking female hormones (Roberts et al, 2020).